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Did europeans get their facial form from Neanderthals?

2011-05-07T14:03:00.000-07:00

Many noted paleoanthropological researchers currently argue that modern Europeans may share close biological relationships with archaic Neanderthal man

Evidence comes from craniofacial measurements used to compare hominid species. This research shows that nuances relating to the cranial outlines of European Neanderthals are identical to the nuances observed in modern Europeans

Morphological differences between these two populations are said to exist primarily with respect to facial form

One theory purposes that such facial morphological differences may have come as the result of a reduction in tooth size that took place over a period of thousands of years

For example, the Krapina Neanderthals at the end of the last interglacial differed from Homo erectus only in having larger front teeth, while “Classic” Neanderthals of Western Europe had teeth that are 15% smaller than those of the earlier Krapina Neanderthals and only 5% larger than early Upper Paleolithic Neanderthals. It is these incremental reductions in tooth size, along with their resulting changes in craniofacial form which are believed, “by some”, to reflect an (in situ) evolution of modern European facial form from an ancestral Neanderthal one

While this theory represents a rather extreme position, other more widely accepted theories argue simply that early Europeans may have interbred with Neanderthals at rates great enough that Neanderthal features can still be observed in modern, particularly ‘northwestern European’ populations, today .

While the morphological aspects of the earliest modern humans in Europe (more than 33,000 B.P.) indicate that they do in fact possess an anatomical pattern largely inline with the morphology of the earliest (Middle Paleolithic) African modern humans; they also exhibit features that are distinctively Neanderthal

For example, numerous craniofacial, dental, and postcranial traits in European early humans are unlikely to have come from middle Paleolithic modern humans, and have been argued to be Neanderthal in origin . If associated admixture between Europeans were rare or non existent, one would expect only to find a few of these non early modern human traits in a few European early modern humans; however, this is not the case

In short, European populations may reflect both their predominant African early modern human ancestry and a substantial degree of admixture between those early modern humans and the indigenous European Neanderthals

According to Trinkaus (2007), given the tens of thousands of years since then and the limitations inherent in ancient DNA, this process is largely invisible in the molecular mtDNA record. However, it is still highly apparent in the paleontological record . Others still, believe that Europeans may have simply evolved from an ancestral Neanderthal form, in situ

Ovchinnikov, I. V., A. Götherström, G. P. Romanova, V. M. Kharttonov, K. Lidén, and W. Goodwin (2000). Molecular analysis of Neanderthal DNA from the northern Caucasus. Nature, 404:490-
Trinkaus T. (2007). European early modern humans and the fate of the Neandertals. PNAS _ May 1, 2007vol. 104 no. 18 7367–7372

EVOLUTION OR INTERBREEDING?

African Health Science

2011-05-07T08:58:00.000-07:00

The African system of health disagrees with the idea of germs being the sole source of disease. Historically, African health science was founded upon holistic principles. This science pre-dates Egyptian medical science and is between 20,000 and 100,000 years old. In fact, it is the oldest medical science on the planet. African health practitioners were devoted to teaching individuals to improve their physical, mental, and spiritual health through preventative lifestyles. The African physician and health professional had to first develop their own understanding of how African physiology worked on all levels before they could treat diseased individuals. This wholistic wisdom has been passed down to us as “The Science of African Bio-chemistry”. This is the African health system according to “Naturopathic” principles. In this system, the patient is given an herb or food that will help the body defend itself. For example, if a patient is suffering from joint pain (arthritis), then this would perhaps indicate that there may be a calcium and/or mineral deficiency caused by a nutritional deficiency in the diet.

The African physician would advise or teach their patient what lifestyle, nutritional, emotional, or dietary changes should be made to alleviate the condition. This philosophy was consistent with the laws of nature and is based upon a belief in the body’s innate God-given, natural ability to heal itself when given the appropriate herbs, seeds, and foods.

The human body contains millions of microorganisms which support and help to keep our immune systems healthy and have enabled us to have healthy lives. The ancient Africans believed that a healthy immune system is responsible for the health and healing of the human body. From this premise, health problems occur as the result of “something lacking” in our nutrition, leaving the human body vulnerable to disease. African medicine is a nutrient based system. A diet and lifestyle deficient in vital nutrients makes us susceptible to opportunistic infections, and cellular disorganization (cancer). This is why some people who are exposed to the cold virus do not get a cold. Or why some people are able to recuperate from a deadly disease such as cancer and others, cannot. However, many scientists and physicians reject the vitamin deficiency concept of disease until it is proven and tested through clinical trials.

The Western View of Health and Disease

2011-05-07T08:48:00.000-07:00

The average doctor today under the Western system of medicine has spent over ten years acquiring training to learn about disease causation. Hence, there is a tendency among many physicians to look for a positive “cause-and-effect” relationship in which something clearly causes something else – a virus, or bacteria must “cause” a disease. The idea that disease is caused by an outside agency, or virus is rooted in the Germ Theory of disease, first proposed by the French scientist, Louis Pasteur in the mid-1800’s.

There are many diseases that plague the human family today which modern science has spent many billions of dollars searching for a prevention or cure, but they are no closer to the answers today than they were over a hundred years ago. Perhaps the main reason is that they are still looking for that “something” which causes these diseases instead of the “lack” of something.

The ultimate solution to the scientist’s most puzzling medical problem is to be found in a near-primitive concoction of herbs and foods. However, medical doctors have been trained to search for “complex” answers rather than looking to the simple laws of nature. As Dr. Laila Afrika, pioneer of African ethnomedicine put it aptly:

“In health science they (western doctors) believe that the body destroys itself with disease. Therefore, they must give toxic, poisonous drugs and vaccines to stop the body from killing itself. In Caucasian medical science, they believe that evil bacteria and virus are trying to kill good bacteria and virus.”

There are differences in body physiology between the races of Mankind.

2011-05-06T22:30:00.001-07:00

Every human has a specific biochemical makeup and therefore requires a unique biochemical diet in order to stay healthy and free from disease.

Nature has programmed every human body-type with certain food parameters which helps to prevent damage to the biochemical nutritional homeostasis (balance). Ancient African health practitioners taught that the human body has a vital force (aura, electromagnetic field) that allows one type of vitamin to change into another type of vitamin/or energy.

It is important to understand that energy is the basic unit of the human body. It is the foundation upon which all the cells, organs, tissues, and chemicals are formed in the body. The body emits a vibratory frequency which reflects the thoughts, foods, and medicines we ingest and contributes to the structure of our vital force.

The Center for Disease Control 's 2001 health statistics show that African-Americans are1.8 times more likely to die from heart disease than non-Hispanic whites; Blacks are1.3 times more likely to die from breast cancer; 2.8 times more likely to die from prostate cancer and 1.4 times more likely to die from colon cancer. More than 2.7 million African Americans – 1 in 9 have diabetes. African Americans are 1.6 times more likely to have diabetes than non-Hispanic whites. About 72,000 African Americans have sickle cell anemia, and the disease occurs in approximately 1 in every 500 African-American births and 1 in every 1,000-1,400 Hispanic-American births. Approximately 2 million Americans, or 1 in 12 African Americans, carry the sickle cell trait.

The purpose of the following report is to show that this great human tragedy in our communities CAN BE STOPPED NOW, entirely on the basis of existing nutritional health knowledge. We will explore the theory that cancer, heart disease, and sickle cell anemia is a deficiency disease aggravated by the lack of an essential food compound in African people’s diet, and that its control is to be found simply in restoring this nutrient in our daily diet.

African Americans are at great risk

2011-05-06T22:28:00.000-07:00

Thye normal range for nutritional assessments are set to north american whites

"Nutritional assessment of American Negro (Black) individuals of largely-African ancestry is complicated by differences that transcend socioeconomic status"

These include smaller size at birth but greater size from 2 to 14 years, advanced skeletal development ("bone age"), advanced dental development, a larger skeletal mass and bone "density" and a lesser rate of adult bone loss in the Black female from age 40 on as shown in a variety of bone-losing situtations, including renal osteodystrophies (better bone health)

Thus, appropriate dimensional and radiographic and radiogrammetric measures must be employed. Differences in hemoglobin concentration approximating 1.0g/100ml and in hematocrit levels also indicate the need for population-specific standards, otherwise gross errors will be made in calculating the per cent "deficient" and "low".

Since self-assignments to racial categories are commonly used, the problem of racial identification is minimal.

Failure to employ appropriate standards will result in underestimating the dimensional, radiographic and radiogrammetric effects of undernutrition in Blacks after the 2nd year, underestimating adult bone loss to a large degree, but overestimating the

This is why African Americans are at a greater risk for most diseases like heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, etc

for over 70 yrs its been a known fact that black babies are developmentally advanced over whites, some blk children who may be at nutriotional risk will appear satisfactory or normal if white developmental standards are applied.

Power of melanin

2011-05-06T19:34:00.000-07:00

lets compare what white people will look like once they mix with melenated people and white people without the extra melanin







ok lets be fair



Wow what the power of melanin can do.

Europeans and people of European descent are at least 25% neanderthal

2011-05-06T19:08:00.000-07:00

Recent findings say EVERYONE EXCEPT AFRICANS have from 1 to 4% but earlier studies referenced below say that europeans have at least 15 to 25% neanderthal DNA

Although this observation is consistent with the RAO model, it does not prove that Neanderthals and modern humans did not interbreed—the two groups may have mixed but Neanderthal mtDNA may have been lost by the chance action of genetic drift. Subsequent studies have concluded that the data are consistent with a Neanderthal contribution of up to 25% of the modern gene pool

only Neanderthal contributions larger than 25% to the modern gene pool could be statistically excluded under a simple model of instantaneous mixing of Neanderthals and modern humans (Nordborg 1998; Serre et al. 2004). Thus, the problem of the genetic relationships between Neanderthals and modern humans remains fully open.

This initial estimate (25%) was, however, based on a simple but unrealistic model of evolution, assuming no population subdivision, constant population size, and a single and instantaneous admixture event between Neanderthals and modern humans

interbreeding rates as high as 25% could not be excluded between the two subspecies. In this study, we introduce a realistic model of the range expansion of early modern humans into Europe, and of their competition and potential admixture with local Neanderthals

recent genetic simulations suggested that 5% of human DNA can only be accounted for by assuming a substantial contribution of Neanderthaler to the European gene pool of up to 25%. REFERENCE Plagnol V, Wall JD: Possible ancestral structure in human populations.

plos-biology, (Nordborg 1998; Serre et al. 2004),

Subsequent studies have concluded that the data are consistent with a Neanderthal contribution of up to 25% of the modern gene pool REFERENCE (Ovchinnikov IV, Gotherstrom A, Romanova GP, Kharitonov VM, Liden K, et al. (2000) Molecular analysis of Neanderthal DNA from the Northern Caucasus. Nature 404: 490–493)

According to the scientists, the Neanderthal DNA does not appear to offers any evolutionary benefit and is merely a genetic relic.

Erik Trinkaus, an anthropologist at Washington University in St. Louis, Mo., states: “The fact that they found it across the board says that the evidence must be very widespread across modern humans… If you can find evidence [of Neanderthals] after 30,000 years of [human] genetic shifting, then it must have been pretty important or prominent then

Trinkaus speculates that the genetic flow between Neanderthals and early modern humans might have been as high as 10% to 20%.

Human fossils dug up in France, Romania, the Czech Republic and other places support the mixed ancestry theory based on skeletal studies and craniological measurements

Furthermore, years of further interbreding and genetic mixing have crowded outed and diluted down the neanderthal’s legacies. According to experts the genetic flow between Neanderthals and early modern humans might have been as high as 15% to 25%, but today it is at 3% to 4%.

The neanderthal caucasoid

2011-05-06T18:36:00.001-07:00

The Iceman Inheritance - Michael Bradley delves back into the last Ice Age in order to find the prehistoric sources of the white race's aggression, racism and sexism. Relying on the researches of Alexander Marshack, Carleton Coon, Konrad Lorenz, S.L. Washburn, Ralph Solecki and others, Bradley offers a persuasive argument that the white race, the Neanderthal-Caucasoids, are more aggressive than others because of ancient sexual mal-adaptation. In tracing the effects of Caucasian aggression, Bradley offers an uncomfortable and all-too-plausible explanation for the pattern of human history.

All contemporary Europeans and Asians are a bit Neanderthal but Africans are not, scientists revealed yesterday.

They found that everyone of Eurasian origin, including people from east Asia and New Guinea, where Neanderthals never lived, carried a similar amount of Neanderthal DNA, while sub-Saharan Africans had none.

The draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome, obtained from DNA fragments extracted from 40,000-year-old bones, shows that ancestors of modern Eurasians interbred to some extent with the Neanderthals they encountered as they moved out of Africa between 50,000 and 80,000 years ago.

The discovery, published in the journal Science , contradicts the view of most palaeontologists that there was no interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans.

A large international research effort, led by Svente Pääbo of the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, has deciphered about 60 per cent of the Neanderthal genome.

"The results show that 1 to 4 per cent of the DNA in people of non-African ancestry is from the Neanderthals," said Prof Pääbo. "The Neanderthals are not totally extinct. In some of us a little bit of them lives on."

The researchers' main raw material was powder extracted from three fossilised bones found in a Croatian cave, as well as bones excavated in Spain, Germany and Russia.

The scientists used several gene sequencing technologies and powerful computer programs to piece together the degraded fragments of Neanderthal DNA and extract them from all the bacterial and other contaminants that built up in the bones over tens of thousands of years.
http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/science/05/07/neanderthal.human.genome/index.html?iref=allsearch

How "races" differ due to melanin

2011-05-06T18:31:00.000-07:00

Japanese scientists has shown that inside the melanocytes (skin pigment cells) are tiny packets called melanosomes that contain Melanin. The four stages in the maturing of these packets is what accounts for racial differences:

* Stage 1: The melanosome is empty and doesn't have the machinery to make Melanin.
* Stage 2: The melanosome has the machinery to make Melanin, but is empty of Melanin.
* Stage 3: The machinery is there and the melanosome is half filled with Melanin.
* Stage 4: The machinery is there and the melanosome is completely filled with Melanin.

Whites have mainly stages 1 and 2, whereas all people of color have Melanin with Blacks having more of stage 4 than 3, while Latinos and Asians have more of stage 3 than 4. All people of color have "circulating Melanin," which is Melanin circulating in the blood due to spillage or excess from the melanosomes.
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Melanin in the nervous system

2011-05-06T18:26:00.000-07:00

Melanin is found everywhere, throughout Nature...
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in animals, plants (that's why raisins and banana bruises are brown), the soil, waters of creeks, lakes, seas, and even in comets! Concentrations vary from parts per million to parts per billion, and it is soluble in liquid phases.
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Melanin is necessary for humans to reproduce!
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Melanin is abundantly present at the inception of life: a Melanin sheath covers both the sperm and the egg! In the human embryo, the melanocytes (skin pigment cells), the brain, and the nerve cells all originate from the same place; the neural crest. Melanocytes resemble nerve cells and are essential for conveying energy. When the presence of Melanin is missing or insufficient in the ectoderm, this causes the mother to lose her baby; in the case of all whites, a defective baby is produced.
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Melanin is the major organizing molecule in living systems
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Dr. Frank Barr, pioneering discoverer of Melanin's organizing ability and other properties, opens his technical work, Melanin: The Organizing Molecule: "The hypothesis is advanced that (neuro)melanin (in conjunction with other pigment molecules such as the isopentenoids) functions as the major organizational molecule in living systems.

Melanin is depicted as an organizational "trigger" capable of using established properties such as photon- (electron)- photon conversions, free radical-redox mechanism, ion exchange mechanisms, ion exchange mechanisms, and semiconductive switching capabilities to direct energy to strategic molecular systems and sensitive hierarchies of protein enzyme cascades. Melanin is held capable of regulating a wide range of molecular interactions and metabolic processes..."
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Melanin's Main Properties: It absorbs, stores & transforms energy. It has "black hole" properties.
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* Black Melanin can convert light energy to sound energy and back again!

* Melanin is BLACK because its chemical structure allows no energy to escape. It is also Black because Black is the perfect absorber of light and all energy frequencies, making Black Melanin the super absorber of Energy and Light! Thus scientists describe it as acting like a "black hole."

* Melanin can rearrange its chemical structure to absorb ALL energy across the radiant energy spectrum (sunlight, X-rays, music, sound, radar, radio waves...) and can transmute and store this energy for later use!

* Melanin can absorb a great amount of energy and yet not produce a tremendous amount of heat when it absorbs this energy, because it can transform harmful energy into useful energy. According to Dr. Leon Edelstein*, Melanin can absorb tremendous quantities of energy of all kinds, including energy from sunlight, x-ray machines, and energy that is formed within cells during the metabolism of cells. He theorizes that Melanin has the ability to neutralize the potentially harmful effects of these energies.

* In Dr. Frank Barr's theory, matter is shaped and structured by
light: that is, matter is organized through the interaction of molecules composed of slowed-down light. These molecular [Melanin] combinations "eat" light in order to maintain, expand and evolve matter. The more highly evolved a species, the more complex its biological capacity to use light.

* Melanin has superconducting properties; it shows evidence of being a room-temperature (biological) super-conductor. Normally, superconductivity occurs only at very low temperatures.

* Melanin is like a battery. Melanin "may be viewed as a battery that is partially charged and can always accept an electrical charge!" 1 When sunlight or other energy comes in contact with the Melanin battery, it increases the charge of the battery to a certain degree. When the energy is captured, the battery has more energy to use in the body. "This means that the BLACK HUMAN can charge up his MELANIN just by being in the sun or around the right type of musical sounds or other energy sources." 2

* Melanin in the eye receives light and converts it into the electrical energy that comes across as an image.

Your brain and nerves can not operate without melanin

2011-05-06T18:23:00.000-07:00

Few people know that Melanin is found in almost every organ of the body and is necessary in order for the brain and nerves to operate, the eyes to see, and the cells to reproduce!

Thus, Melanin is vastly more than just a "pigment" coloring the skin and hair. At the core of your brain is the "locus coeruleus," a structure that is BLACK because it contains large amounts of Melanin which is essential in order for it to operate!

In fact, all the most crucial brain structures are heavily melanized! "Brain melanin is concentrated in a region that functions as a gate for all sensory, motor, emotional and motivational input and output" as well as a region that mediates conscious awareness in general.

Dr. Richard King considers the presence of Melanin to be a key agent in heightening psychic sensitivity in the human organism. Dr. Frank Barr suggests (neuro)Melanin may join forces with the glial cells (formerly seen as only the 'glue' of the nervous system) to form a subtly triggered matrix for mental organization that is, the "mind's eye."

Melanin in the Brain increases from the lower
primates and reaches its peak in the BLACK HUMAN..
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"All humans possess this Black internal brain evidence of their common Black Afrikan Origin. The All Black neuromelanin nerve tract of the brain is profound proof that the human race is a Black race, with many variations of Black, from Black-Black to White-Black, all internally rooted in a vast sea of Brain Blackness."

"Humanity may differ in outer appearance, with variations of colors but internally they are all black, all African at the core. The question for all humans is how to relate to this blackness.

A transformation process requires, first, the right heart or feelings and profound African knowledge as taught in ancient African universities. Today's racist is afraid, ignorant of his/her blackness, choosing to run from the ancestral Black core. Today's reborn black masters will accept their blackness, become unified with the universe and be inspired to creative genius at levels that surpass the pyramids.

Dr. Richard King
African Origin of Biological Psychiatry (p31, 24)

Black babies are more advanced

2011-05-06T18:09:00.000-07:00

Just do a google book search for black babies more advanced, and see the many "studies" on blk children out performing whites in every skill. from africa to carribeans to america results are the same. and then notice how they try to figure out why, and come up with all kind of excuses.

In every milestone from lifting the head to grasping, rolling over, recognizing mommy, crawling, walking, feeding themselves black babies are a couple of months ahead of other races.

Black babies advance earlier and faster than white babies.

In his book, The Developmental Psychology of the Black Child, Dr. Amos Wilson uses test results taken from the research of WHITE social scientists to show that, contrary to being inferior to whites, Black children in particular show superior psychomotor development over European children:
"Whenever motor differences between white and black American infants have been noted in research literature, the black babies have been advanced in comparison with the whites.... this is also the case with black children of other nationalities, particularly of African origin."

"The African babies actually seemed to have been born at a more advanced stage of development, since many of their activities at less than a week corresponded to those performed by European children aged four to eight weeks." (emphasis added) Comparisons in this study show the following difference between these groups

American journal of medical genetics

1985
Page 69
Black babies are smaller than white ones but the smaller black neonate becomes
the larger and more advanced child right through adolescence

__________

Social Psychology - Page 482
by Lawrence S. Wrightsman - Psychology all the children were found to be more advanced than European children of the same age
__________

Children of the 21st Century: From Birth to Nine Months - Page 162
by Shirley Dex, Heather Joshi - Social Science - 2005
There is evidence to suggest that non-white babies, especially Black babies, are more advanced in their gross motor
development than white babies
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many studies have been done that show black babies are more advanced than white babies, but they have been confined to scholarly journals away from general public--Pasamanik 1946, Williams and scott 1953, Geber 1957, Bayley 1965, Ainsworth 1967, Morgan 1990

NOTICE THESE STUDIES WERE STARTED IN THE 40's

http://books.google.com/books?id=8IdLBYrcUXEC&pg=PA133&lpg=PA133&dq=why+are+black+babies+more+advanced+than+white+babies&source=web&ots=6EIBpRUMdU&sig=lQGZHbGEu1eEU6LdcEv-Q8rXvmU&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result#v=onepage&q=why%20are%20black%20babies%20more%20advanced%20than%20white%20babies&f=false

IF YA DIDN'T KNOW, NOW YA KNOW

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THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE IN SKIN COLOR BETWEEN WHITES AND ALBINOS

2010-02-21T15:27:00.000-08:00

Both groups have the tyrosinase mutation which inhibits melanin production.

The function of Thr111 (is to produce white skin, blue or green eyes, have photo phobia exhibited in both groups, and light hair-- also exhibited in both groups). There are 3 primary races. Negroes and Asians, however, have the amino acid A1a111 (alanine allele) on SLC24A5 genes. Dark skinned people carrying the recessive "Whiteness" gene would have a 25% chance of producing a White person.recessive "Whiteness" gene would have a 25% chance of producing a White person.

Not all whites have melanin, and if the truth must be known, there are cases of albinism (OCA2 albinos) that do produce melanin just like whites, but in both cases, the melanin levels are insufficient for protection OCA2 generally have more pigment and better vision than those with OCA1, but cannot tan like some with OCA1b. these are all albinos. one can tan and the other (OCA2) have more pigments.

People with OCA2 usually have fair skin but not as pale as OCA1, and blonde to golden or reddish-blond hair, and most commonly blue eyes. lol do these traits sound familiar? How do you think white people got blue/ green eyes? the remaining 2 races (especially asians) do not exhibit these phenotypes "Not one of these types involves a common relation to White people" blond hair, reddish-blonde hair, blue or green eyes, white skin is not common among whites? These very phenotypes are common among albinos. Blond hair, green eyes, etc, are due to mutated enzymes on the SLC24A5 gene. A typical black or Asian do not have this mutation on their SLC24A5 genes. There are only 3 races, a black man created you both

1)HEARING. People who have syndromes associated with albinism MAY HAVE hearing difficulties-- its not set in stone.

(2)EYESIGHT. Whites typically (especially in the case of blue and green eyes) have poorer visual acuity than melaninated eyes.

(3)TANNING. OCA1b(OR TYR) albinos do tan.

(4)EUROPEAN FEATURES: the nose is longer than blacks as to heat the air before oxygen enters the lungs.

(1) EYESIGHT & HEARING. [["In oculocutaneous albinism, pigment is missing from the hair, eyes, and skin. In ocular albinism, only the eyes lack pigment. People with oculocutaneous albinism can have no pigment to almost normal. Some may even tan. People with albinism are generally as healthy as the rest of their species, with growth and development occurring as normal.

Blacks, not only, have the strongest bones in the world but also the strongest muscles to support the density of bones well the evidence is in your DNA.

LINK BETWEEN WHITE PEOPLE AND ALBINISM

2010-02-21T11:49:00.000-08:00

In humans, only four genes are isolated and have a high affinity for albinism.

The 4 genes are: TYR, OCA2, TYRP1, SLC45A2. OCA is the acronym for Oculocutaneous albinism (hair, skin, and eyes are affected resulting in loss of pigment to the hair and skin and decreased visual acuity due to photo phobia which comes with green or blue eyes).

It must be conveyed to the reader that nothing is ever proven 100%, only the outcome/ results are interpreted within our scope of realism. I can now get into the biochemistry and the bond between Caucasians and albinism. All people (black, white, or asian) have SLC24A5 genes. The difference between us is found at the alleles of the SLC24A5 gene. The original father (Negros even today) exhibits an alanine allele (Ala111 allele) on the gene SLC24A5 to produce natural pigmented skin. Recently, however, at an estimate of 6,000 - 12,000 years ago, the alanine allele underwent the mutations for a Therine affinity.

The A1a111 alleles mutated to Thr111 alleles for whites. Approximately 9% of all humans on earth have an affinity for this mutation (the entire white race to be exact). The alanine allele, it must be stated, is, however, the common bond between the asian and negro populations (this is termed by scientists as Evolutionary Conservation). Whites, as ive stated, do not have alanine alleles-- Europeans, typically have Therine alleles.

Thr111, an amino acid has mRNA codons of ACU, ACA, ACC, and ACG; instead of GCU, GCC, GCA, or GCG as is the case for alanine. The function of the Thr111 is to produce white skin, blue or green eyes (photo phobia exhibited in both groups), and light hair. Only 2 people on the earth exhibit the Therine characteristics/phenotypes: albinos and Caucasians. It must also be stated that the main deficiency in both groups is the inability to produce tyrosinase (TYR), TYRP1, and SLC45A2... Those are the key enzyme and genes, respectively, in melanin metabolism. All life forms with the exception of white people have melanin. Even plants have melanin. Catechol oxidase (a plant's equivalent to tyronsinase) is one of the chief enzymes which makes melanin for plant life. Melanin (TYR) that is "exhibited" in whites and albinos will have a function that is negligible in both groups when exposed to direct sunlight.

(conclusion) The OCA2 form of albinism is very similar to Caucasian phenotypes. and is the most common for negroes. Negroes will typically have blond hair and blue, gray or hazel eyes.
1 in every 15,000 black persons have OCA2 genes.
OCA2 is the most common form of albinism in africans ans african americans. OCA2, is associated with the third longest haplotype on a high frequency SNP anywhere in the genome for Europeans. four genes involved in skin pigmentation show CLEAR EVIDENCE OF SELECTION IN EUROPEANS (OCA2, MYO5A, DTNBP1, TYRP1).

All four genes are associated with Mendelian disorders that cause lighter pigmentation or albinism, and all are in different genomic locations, indicating the action of separate selective events.

vitamin D theory

2010-02-21T10:51:00.000-08:00

Studies show pale skin absorbs vitamin d six times faster than darker skin... African Americans are supposedly severely deficient in vitamin d. But it's been noted in several different studies that black ppl have higher serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and higher calcium absorption and retention than Whites.
Once vitamin D is produced in the skin or consumed in food, it is converted in the liver and kidney to form 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, (1,25(OH)2D) the physiologically active form of vitamin D. This metabolically active form of vitamin D is known as calcitriol. Following this conversion, calcitriol is released into the circulation, and by binding to a carrier protein in the plasma, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), it is transported to various target organs.

So why do black people show higher levels of the active form of vitamin d?

Also researchers doing a study on osteoporosis say black women may not need as much vitamin d as white women. The African American population have stronger bones and tend to have greater bone density than other ethnic groups and Caucasians

When one states that a white person synthesizes vit d 6x faster than a black, this only suggests that Europeans require 6x the synthesis of vit d to keep up with/ or maintain a similar bone development that blacks naturally have. 99% of calcium is found in bone. Blacks have the strongest bones in the world. Whites depend on vit d from sunlight to achieve a similar bone structure to that of blacks. Let me re-emphasize the word similar to point out that although Caucasians can produce vit d 6x faster than blacks, whites still have the weakest bones in the world. in redundancy, whites require 6x more vit d than blacks (6:1 ratio) to maintain an adequate skeletal anatomy similar to that of blacks. Furthermore, one does not find / or diagnose rickets in adult black people. If you remember, rickets only occur in children. rickets, unequivocally, is a child's deficiency.

The essential function of vit d is for maintaining calcium metabolism and the maintenance of bone densities. Metabolic levels within a specific range is also vital for normal functioning of the nervous system. whites have more genetic defects of the nervous system and bone-density crisis than do blacks. Although whites can produce vit d faster than blacks, obviously this great feat of the... synthesis and biochemical pathways are not enough for their skeletal anatomy. The fact still remains that whites have the weakest bones in the world (let me point out that Caucasians biological systems have a high affinity for photophobia-- whites, like albinos, have a fear of sunlight). To achieve equivalent bone densities to that of blacks requires whites to sit even longer (above the 6x synthesis threshold) in pure sunlight.

while recent studes have linked vitamin D deficiency to a host of major illnesses, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, high blood pressure, Some in the medical community say the study isn't conclusive, because it only observed people's levels. There are still QUESTIONS over WHETHER the vitamin REALLY WORKS and IF SO in WHAT DOSAGE.

Harvard University is leading a five year clinical trial to answer some of the lingering questions about vitamin D. Researchers are currently seeking 20,000 older adults

what we do know and have known for decades is that vitamin d is crucial to bone development, and blk ppl have better bone development/health from birth to old age

vitamin d also helps in absorbing calcium, well blks ppl also absorb and retain calcium more efficiently,which also has been known for decades.

question is...how is that possible when we are so viamin d deficient?

let me tell you a little secret...white ppl do not convert vitamin d properly. once vitamin d is synthesized its converted to active form (calcitriol) and transported to various organs called

calcitriol is the hormonally active form of vitamin D with three alcohol groups (abbreviated 1,25-(OH)2D3). It increases the level of calcium in the blood by (1) increasing the uptake of calcium from the gut into the blood,(2) decreasing the transfer of calcium from blood to the urine by the kidney, and (3) increasing the release of calcium into the blood from bone.

And this is why they have weaker bones and are more prone to osteoporosis

why? because they do not convert vitamin d properly to its active form, synthesizing vitamin d six times faster does no good without being able to convert it

calcitriol is used to absorb calcium and maintain healthy levels of calcium. low levels of calcium leads to bone disease. and facts remain that white ppl as a group have weaker bones and more likely to develop osteoporosis.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682335.html

without proper exposure to natural sunlight anyone black or white can be vitamin d deficient.

WHAT'S THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MELANIN, MELATONIN, MELANOCYTES, AND INTELLIGENCE

2010-02-21T09:32:00.000-08:00

"Pineal gland secretes melatonin which activates the pituitary gland to release MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) it is in the melanocytes that melanin is produced"

MOST Europeans and people of European descent have CALCIFIED pineal glands.

http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/abstract/122/3/503

The pineal calcification rates with Africans is 5-15%; Asians 15-25%; Europeans 60-80%!

Calcification of the pineal gland is shown to be closely related to defective sense of direction (Bayliss et al, 1985). In a tricentre prospective study of 750 patients lateral skull radiographs showed that 394 had calcified pineal glands. Sense of direction was assessed by subjective questioning and objective testing and the results noted on a scale of 0-10 (where 10 equals perfect sense of direction). The average score for the 394 patients with pineal gland calcification was 3.7 (range 0-8), whereas the 356 patients without pineal gland calcification had an average score of 7.6 (range 2-10). This difference was highly significant (p less than 0.01) (Bayliss et al, 1985). Also, the effects of disturbed sleep and memory are well documented.

Pineal indolamine (e.g. Melatonin/Serotonin) and peptide hormones influence immune functions. Melatonin, in particular, increases immune memory while T-dependent antigene immunization stimulates antibody production. According to Maestroni (1993), in an article published in the Journal of Pineal Research a tight physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging that might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. He goes further, mentioning that Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin appears to have an immunoenhancing effect. An interesting observation is the apparent protection from autoimmune diseases in areas of West Africa and especially in places where malaria is a problem (Greenwood, 1968).

melanin protects against cryptoccocus neoformans (parasite of central nervous system) its known that europeans and their descendants suffer from higher rates of many diseases affecting CNS EXAMPLE; huntingtons disease, optic neuritus, parkinsons, multiple sclerosis, PKU, spinal bifida, etc.

http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2941597

http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/24/7/688

Melanin refines the nervous system in such a way that messages from the brain reach other areas of the body more rapidly in Black people than in others.

American journal of medical genetics 1985 Page 69 Black babies are smaller than white ones but the smaller black neonate becomes the larger and more advanced child right through adolescence
Social Psychology - Page 482 by Lawrence S. Wrightsman - Psychology all the children were found to be more advanced than European children of the same age

Children of the 21st Century: From Birth to Nine Months - Page 162 by Shirley Dex, Heather Joshi - Social Science - 2005 There is evidence to suggest that non-white babies, especially Black babies, are more advanced in their gross motor development than white babies

also studies done by, Pasamanick 1946, Williams&Scott 1953, Bayley 1965, Ainsworth 1967, Morgan 1990

also reference; The Imagination of Early Childhood Education By Harry Morgan page 132, 133, 134

melanin is also found in several types of cells not related to skin, cells in the brain and muscles. Melanin in the brain and body does more than just “make it darker”. Melanin on the inside as well as outside protects against DNA degradation, it enhances, speeds up the transmission of messages to the brain and body, which is as to why people of color have a tendency to have a higher and quicker level of motor skills and response also protects reproduction system melanin provides an important role outside of uv protection and vitamin synthesis reference sources; Mackintosh 2001 nosanchuck and casdavall 2006 agar and young 2005

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6135975
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15748643

to learn more about advantages of melanin, research the works of Dr. Richard King, Carol Barnes, T. Owens Moore