Both groups have the tyrosinase mutation which inhibits melanin production.
The function of Thr111 (is to produce white skin, blue or green eyes, have photo phobia exhibited in both groups, and light hair-- also exhibited in both groups). There are 3 primary races. Negroes and Asians, however, have the amino acid A1a111 (alanine allele) on SLC24A5 genes. Dark skinned people carrying the recessive "Whiteness" gene would have a 25% chance of producing a White person.recessive "Whiteness" gene would have a 25% chance of producing a White person.
Not all whites have melanin, and if the truth must be known, there are cases of albinism (OCA2 albinos) that do produce melanin just like whites, but in both cases, the melanin levels are insufficient for protection OCA2 generally have more pigment and better vision than those with OCA1, but cannot tan like some with OCA1b. these are all albinos. one can tan and the other (OCA2) have more pigments.
People with OCA2 usually have fair skin but not as pale as OCA1, and blonde to golden or reddish-blond hair, and most commonly blue eyes. lol do these traits sound familiar? How do you think white people got blue/ green eyes? the remaining 2 races (especially asians) do not exhibit these phenotypes "Not one of these types involves a common relation to White people" blond hair, reddish-blonde hair, blue or green eyes, white skin is not common among whites? These very phenotypes are common among albinos. Blond hair, green eyes, etc, are due to mutated enzymes on the SLC24A5 gene. A typical black or Asian do not have this mutation on their SLC24A5 genes. There are only 3 races, a black man created you both
1)HEARING. People who have syndromes associated with albinism MAY HAVE hearing difficulties-- its not set in stone.
(2)EYESIGHT. Whites typically (especially in the case of blue and green eyes) have poorer visual acuity than melaninated eyes.
(3)TANNING. OCA1b(OR TYR) albinos do tan.
(4)EUROPEAN FEATURES: the nose is longer than blacks as to heat the air before oxygen enters the lungs.
(1) EYESIGHT & HEARING. [["In oculocutaneous albinism, pigment is missing from the hair, eyes, and skin. In ocular albinism, only the eyes lack pigment. People with oculocutaneous albinism can have no pigment to almost normal. Some may even tan. People with albinism are generally as healthy as the rest of their species, with growth and development occurring as normal.
Blacks, not only, have the strongest bones in the world but also the strongest muscles to support the density of bones well the evidence is in your DNA.
Sunday, February 21, 2010
LINK BETWEEN WHITE PEOPLE AND ALBINISM
In humans, only four genes are isolated and have a high affinity for albinism.
The 4 genes are: TYR, OCA2, TYRP1, SLC45A2. OCA is the acronym for Oculocutaneous albinism (hair, skin, and eyes are affected resulting in loss of pigment to the hair and skin and decreased visual acuity due to photo phobia which comes with green or blue eyes).
It must be conveyed to the reader that nothing is ever proven 100%, only the outcome/ results are interpreted within our scope of realism. I can now get into the biochemistry and the bond between Caucasians and albinism. All people (black, white, or asian) have SLC24A5 genes. The difference between us is found at the alleles of the SLC24A5 gene. The original father (Negros even today) exhibits an alanine allele (Ala111 allele) on the gene SLC24A5 to produce natural pigmented skin. Recently, however, at an estimate of 6,000 - 12,000 years ago, the alanine allele underwent the mutations for a Therine affinity.
The A1a111 alleles mutated to Thr111 alleles for whites. Approximately 9% of all humans on earth have an affinity for this mutation (the entire white race to be exact). The alanine allele, it must be stated, is, however, the common bond between the asian and negro populations (this is termed by scientists as Evolutionary Conservation). Whites, as ive stated, do not have alanine alleles-- Europeans, typically have Therine alleles.
Thr111, an amino acid has mRNA codons of ACU, ACA, ACC, and ACG; instead of GCU, GCC, GCA, or GCG as is the case for alanine. The function of the Thr111 is to produce white skin, blue or green eyes (photo phobia exhibited in both groups), and light hair. Only 2 people on the earth exhibit the Therine characteristics/phenotypes: albinos and Caucasians. It must also be stated that the main deficiency in both groups is the inability to produce tyrosinase (TYR), TYRP1, and SLC45A2... Those are the key enzyme and genes, respectively, in melanin metabolism. All life forms with the exception of white people have melanin. Even plants have melanin. Catechol oxidase (a plant's equivalent to tyronsinase) is one of the chief enzymes which makes melanin for plant life. Melanin (TYR) that is "exhibited" in whites and albinos will have a function that is negligible in both groups when exposed to direct sunlight.
(conclusion) The OCA2 form of albinism is very similar to Caucasian phenotypes. and is the most common for negroes. Negroes will typically have blond hair and blue, gray or hazel eyes.
1 in every 15,000 black persons have OCA2 genes.
OCA2 is the most common form of albinism in africans ans african americans. OCA2, is associated with the third longest haplotype on a high frequency SNP anywhere in the genome for Europeans. four genes involved in skin pigmentation show CLEAR EVIDENCE OF SELECTION IN EUROPEANS (OCA2, MYO5A, DTNBP1, TYRP1).
All four genes are associated with Mendelian disorders that cause lighter pigmentation or albinism, and all are in different genomic locations, indicating the action of separate selective events.
The 4 genes are: TYR, OCA2, TYRP1, SLC45A2. OCA is the acronym for Oculocutaneous albinism (hair, skin, and eyes are affected resulting in loss of pigment to the hair and skin and decreased visual acuity due to photo phobia which comes with green or blue eyes).
It must be conveyed to the reader that nothing is ever proven 100%, only the outcome/ results are interpreted within our scope of realism. I can now get into the biochemistry and the bond between Caucasians and albinism. All people (black, white, or asian) have SLC24A5 genes. The difference between us is found at the alleles of the SLC24A5 gene. The original father (Negros even today) exhibits an alanine allele (Ala111 allele) on the gene SLC24A5 to produce natural pigmented skin. Recently, however, at an estimate of 6,000 - 12,000 years ago, the alanine allele underwent the mutations for a Therine affinity.
The A1a111 alleles mutated to Thr111 alleles for whites. Approximately 9% of all humans on earth have an affinity for this mutation (the entire white race to be exact). The alanine allele, it must be stated, is, however, the common bond between the asian and negro populations (this is termed by scientists as Evolutionary Conservation). Whites, as ive stated, do not have alanine alleles-- Europeans, typically have Therine alleles.
Thr111, an amino acid has mRNA codons of ACU, ACA, ACC, and ACG; instead of GCU, GCC, GCA, or GCG as is the case for alanine. The function of the Thr111 is to produce white skin, blue or green eyes (photo phobia exhibited in both groups), and light hair. Only 2 people on the earth exhibit the Therine characteristics/phenotypes: albinos and Caucasians. It must also be stated that the main deficiency in both groups is the inability to produce tyrosinase (TYR), TYRP1, and SLC45A2... Those are the key enzyme and genes, respectively, in melanin metabolism. All life forms with the exception of white people have melanin. Even plants have melanin. Catechol oxidase (a plant's equivalent to tyronsinase) is one of the chief enzymes which makes melanin for plant life. Melanin (TYR) that is "exhibited" in whites and albinos will have a function that is negligible in both groups when exposed to direct sunlight.
(conclusion) The OCA2 form of albinism is very similar to Caucasian phenotypes. and is the most common for negroes. Negroes will typically have blond hair and blue, gray or hazel eyes.
1 in every 15,000 black persons have OCA2 genes.
OCA2 is the most common form of albinism in africans ans african americans. OCA2, is associated with the third longest haplotype on a high frequency SNP anywhere in the genome for Europeans. four genes involved in skin pigmentation show CLEAR EVIDENCE OF SELECTION IN EUROPEANS (OCA2, MYO5A, DTNBP1, TYRP1).
All four genes are associated with Mendelian disorders that cause lighter pigmentation or albinism, and all are in different genomic locations, indicating the action of separate selective events.
vitamin D theory
Studies show pale skin absorbs vitamin d six times faster than darker skin... African Americans are supposedly severely deficient in vitamin d. But it's been noted in several different studies that black ppl have higher serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and higher calcium absorption and retention than Whites.
Once vitamin D is produced in the skin or consumed in food, it is converted in the liver and kidney to form 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, (1,25(OH)2D) the physiologically active form of vitamin D. This metabolically active form of vitamin D is known as calcitriol. Following this conversion, calcitriol is released into the circulation, and by binding to a carrier protein in the plasma, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), it is transported to various target organs.
So why do black people show higher levels of the active form of vitamin d?
Also researchers doing a study on osteoporosis say black women may not need as much vitamin d as white women. The African American population have stronger bones and tend to have greater bone density than other ethnic groups and Caucasians
When one states that a white person synthesizes vit d 6x faster than a black, this only suggests that Europeans require 6x the synthesis of vit d to keep up with/ or maintain a similar bone development that blacks naturally have. 99% of calcium is found in bone. Blacks have the strongest bones in the world. Whites depend on vit d from sunlight to achieve a similar bone structure to that of blacks. Let me re-emphasize the word similar to point out that although Caucasians can produce vit d 6x faster than blacks, whites still have the weakest bones in the world. in redundancy, whites require 6x more vit d than blacks (6:1 ratio) to maintain an adequate skeletal anatomy similar to that of blacks. Furthermore, one does not find / or diagnose rickets in adult black people. If you remember, rickets only occur in children. rickets, unequivocally, is a child's deficiency.
The essential function of vit d is for maintaining calcium metabolism and the maintenance of bone densities. Metabolic levels within a specific range is also vital for normal functioning of the nervous system. whites have more genetic defects of the nervous system and bone-density crisis than do blacks. Although whites can produce vit d faster than blacks, obviously this great feat of the... synthesis and biochemical pathways are not enough for their skeletal anatomy. The fact still remains that whites have the weakest bones in the world (let me point out that Caucasians biological systems have a high affinity for photophobia-- whites, like albinos, have a fear of sunlight). To achieve equivalent bone densities to that of blacks requires whites to sit even longer (above the 6x synthesis threshold) in pure sunlight.
while recent studes have linked vitamin D deficiency to a host of major illnesses, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, high blood pressure, Some in the medical community say the study isn't conclusive, because it only observed people's levels. There are still QUESTIONS over WHETHER the vitamin REALLY WORKS and IF SO in WHAT DOSAGE.
Harvard University is leading a five year clinical trial to answer some of the lingering questions about vitamin D. Researchers are currently seeking 20,000 older adults
what we do know and have known for decades is that vitamin d is crucial to bone development, and blk ppl have better bone development/health from birth to old age
vitamin d also helps in absorbing calcium, well blks ppl also absorb and retain calcium more efficiently,which also has been known for decades.
question is...how is that possible when we are so viamin d deficient?
let me tell you a little secret...white ppl do not convert vitamin d properly. once vitamin d is synthesized its converted to active form (calcitriol) and transported to various organs called
calcitriol is the hormonally active form of vitamin D with three alcohol groups (abbreviated 1,25-(OH)2D3). It increases the level of calcium in the blood by (1) increasing the uptake of calcium from the gut into the blood,(2) decreasing the transfer of calcium from blood to the urine by the kidney, and (3) increasing the release of calcium into the blood from bone.
And this is why they have weaker bones and are more prone to osteoporosis
calcitriol is used to absorb calcium and maintain healthy levels of calcium. low levels of calcium leads to bone disease. and facts remain that white ppl as a group have weaker bones and more likely to develop osteoporosis.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682335.html
without proper exposure to natural sunlight anyone black or white can be vitamin d deficient.
Once vitamin D is produced in the skin or consumed in food, it is converted in the liver and kidney to form 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, (1,25(OH)2D) the physiologically active form of vitamin D. This metabolically active form of vitamin D is known as calcitriol. Following this conversion, calcitriol is released into the circulation, and by binding to a carrier protein in the plasma, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), it is transported to various target organs.
So why do black people show higher levels of the active form of vitamin d?
Also researchers doing a study on osteoporosis say black women may not need as much vitamin d as white women. The African American population have stronger bones and tend to have greater bone density than other ethnic groups and Caucasians
When one states that a white person synthesizes vit d 6x faster than a black, this only suggests that Europeans require 6x the synthesis of vit d to keep up with/ or maintain a similar bone development that blacks naturally have. 99% of calcium is found in bone. Blacks have the strongest bones in the world. Whites depend on vit d from sunlight to achieve a similar bone structure to that of blacks. Let me re-emphasize the word similar to point out that although Caucasians can produce vit d 6x faster than blacks, whites still have the weakest bones in the world. in redundancy, whites require 6x more vit d than blacks (6:1 ratio) to maintain an adequate skeletal anatomy similar to that of blacks. Furthermore, one does not find / or diagnose rickets in adult black people. If you remember, rickets only occur in children. rickets, unequivocally, is a child's deficiency.
The essential function of vit d is for maintaining calcium metabolism and the maintenance of bone densities. Metabolic levels within a specific range is also vital for normal functioning of the nervous system. whites have more genetic defects of the nervous system and bone-density crisis than do blacks. Although whites can produce vit d faster than blacks, obviously this great feat of the... synthesis and biochemical pathways are not enough for their skeletal anatomy. The fact still remains that whites have the weakest bones in the world (let me point out that Caucasians biological systems have a high affinity for photophobia-- whites, like albinos, have a fear of sunlight). To achieve equivalent bone densities to that of blacks requires whites to sit even longer (above the 6x synthesis threshold) in pure sunlight.
while recent studes have linked vitamin D deficiency to a host of major illnesses, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, high blood pressure, Some in the medical community say the study isn't conclusive, because it only observed people's levels. There are still QUESTIONS over WHETHER the vitamin REALLY WORKS and IF SO in WHAT DOSAGE.
Harvard University is leading a five year clinical trial to answer some of the lingering questions about vitamin D. Researchers are currently seeking 20,000 older adults
what we do know and have known for decades is that vitamin d is crucial to bone development, and blk ppl have better bone development/health from birth to old age
vitamin d also helps in absorbing calcium, well blks ppl also absorb and retain calcium more efficiently,which also has been known for decades.
question is...how is that possible when we are so viamin d deficient?
let me tell you a little secret...white ppl do not convert vitamin d properly. once vitamin d is synthesized its converted to active form (calcitriol) and transported to various organs called
calcitriol is the hormonally active form of vitamin D with three alcohol groups (abbreviated 1,25-(OH)2D3). It increases the level of calcium in the blood by (1) increasing the uptake of calcium from the gut into the blood,(2) decreasing the transfer of calcium from blood to the urine by the kidney, and (3) increasing the release of calcium into the blood from bone.
And this is why they have weaker bones and are more prone to osteoporosis
why? because they do not convert vitamin d properly to its active form, synthesizing vitamin d six times faster does no good without being able to convert it | |
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682335.html
without proper exposure to natural sunlight anyone black or white can be vitamin d deficient.
WHAT'S THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MELANIN, MELATONIN, MELANOCYTES, AND INTELLIGENCE
"Pineal gland secretes melatonin which activates the pituitary gland to release MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) it is in the melanocytes that melanin is produced"
MOST Europeans and people of European descent have CALCIFIED pineal glands.
http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/abstract/122/3/503
The pineal calcification rates with Africans is 5-15%; Asians 15-25%; Europeans 60-80%!
Calcification of the pineal gland is shown to be closely related to defective sense of direction (Bayliss et al, 1985). In a tricentre prospective study of 750 patients lateral skull radiographs showed that 394 had calcified pineal glands. Sense of direction was assessed by subjective questioning and objective testing and the results noted on a scale of 0-10 (where 10 equals perfect sense of direction). The average score for the 394 patients with pineal gland calcification was 3.7 (range 0-8), whereas the 356 patients without pineal gland calcification had an average score of 7.6 (range 2-10). This difference was highly significant (p less than 0.01) (Bayliss et al, 1985). Also, the effects of disturbed sleep and memory are well documented.
Pineal indolamine (e.g. Melatonin/Serotonin) and peptide hormones influence immune functions. Melatonin, in particular, increases immune memory while T-dependent antigene immunization stimulates antibody production. According to Maestroni (1993), in an article published in the Journal of Pineal Research a tight physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging that might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. He goes further, mentioning that Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin appears to have an immunoenhancing effect. An interesting observation is the apparent protection from autoimmune diseases in areas of West Africa and especially in places where malaria is a problem (Greenwood, 1968).
melanin protects against cryptoccocus neoformans (parasite of central nervous system) its known that europeans and their descendants suffer from higher rates of many diseases affecting CNS EXAMPLE; huntingtons disease, optic neuritus, parkinsons, multiple sclerosis, PKU, spinal bifida, etc.
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2941597
http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/24/7/688
Melanin refines the nervous system in such a way that messages from the brain reach other areas of the body more rapidly in Black people than in others.
American journal of medical genetics 1985 Page 69 Black babies are smaller than white ones but the smaller black neonate becomes the larger and more advanced child right through adolescence
Social Psychology - Page 482 by Lawrence S. Wrightsman - Psychology all the children were found to be more advanced than European children of the same age
Children of the 21st Century: From Birth to Nine Months - Page 162 by Shirley Dex, Heather Joshi - Social Science - 2005 There is evidence to suggest that non-white babies, especially Black babies, are more advanced in their gross motor development than white babies
also studies done by, Pasamanick 1946, Williams&Scott 1953, Bayley 1965, Ainsworth 1967, Morgan 1990
also reference; The Imagination of Early Childhood Education By Harry Morgan page 132, 133, 134
melanin is also found in several types of cells not related to skin, cells in the brain and muscles. Melanin in the brain and body does more than just “make it darker”. Melanin on the inside as well as outside protects against DNA degradation, it enhances, speeds up the transmission of messages to the brain and body, which is as to why people of color have a tendency to have a higher and quicker level of motor skills and response also protects reproduction system melanin provides an important role outside of uv protection and vitamin synthesis reference sources; Mackintosh 2001 nosanchuck and casdavall 2006 agar and young 2005
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6135975
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15748643
to learn more about advantages of melanin, research the works of Dr. Richard King, Carol Barnes, T. Owens Moore
MOST Europeans and people of European descent have CALCIFIED pineal glands.
http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/abstract/122/3/503
The pineal calcification rates with Africans is 5-15%; Asians 15-25%; Europeans 60-80%!
Calcification of the pineal gland is shown to be closely related to defective sense of direction (Bayliss et al, 1985). In a tricentre prospective study of 750 patients lateral skull radiographs showed that 394 had calcified pineal glands. Sense of direction was assessed by subjective questioning and objective testing and the results noted on a scale of 0-10 (where 10 equals perfect sense of direction). The average score for the 394 patients with pineal gland calcification was 3.7 (range 0-8), whereas the 356 patients without pineal gland calcification had an average score of 7.6 (range 2-10). This difference was highly significant (p less than 0.01) (Bayliss et al, 1985). Also, the effects of disturbed sleep and memory are well documented.
Pineal indolamine (e.g. Melatonin/Serotonin) and peptide hormones influence immune functions. Melatonin, in particular, increases immune memory while T-dependent antigene immunization stimulates antibody production. According to Maestroni (1993), in an article published in the Journal of Pineal Research a tight physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging that might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. He goes further, mentioning that Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin appears to have an immunoenhancing effect. An interesting observation is the apparent protection from autoimmune diseases in areas of West Africa and especially in places where malaria is a problem (Greenwood, 1968).
melanin protects against cryptoccocus neoformans (parasite of central nervous system) its known that europeans and their descendants suffer from higher rates of many diseases affecting CNS EXAMPLE; huntingtons disease, optic neuritus, parkinsons, multiple sclerosis, PKU, spinal bifida, etc.
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2941597
http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/24/7/688
Melanin refines the nervous system in such a way that messages from the brain reach other areas of the body more rapidly in Black people than in others.
American journal of medical genetics 1985 Page 69 Black babies are smaller than white ones but the smaller black neonate becomes the larger and more advanced child right through adolescence
Social Psychology - Page 482 by Lawrence S. Wrightsman - Psychology all the children were found to be more advanced than European children of the same age
Children of the 21st Century: From Birth to Nine Months - Page 162 by Shirley Dex, Heather Joshi - Social Science - 2005 There is evidence to suggest that non-white babies, especially Black babies, are more advanced in their gross motor development than white babies
also studies done by, Pasamanick 1946, Williams&Scott 1953, Bayley 1965, Ainsworth 1967, Morgan 1990
also reference; The Imagination of Early Childhood Education By Harry Morgan page 132, 133, 134
melanin is also found in several types of cells not related to skin, cells in the brain and muscles. Melanin in the brain and body does more than just “make it darker”. Melanin on the inside as well as outside protects against DNA degradation, it enhances, speeds up the transmission of messages to the brain and body, which is as to why people of color have a tendency to have a higher and quicker level of motor skills and response also protects reproduction system melanin provides an important role outside of uv protection and vitamin synthesis reference sources; Mackintosh 2001 nosanchuck and casdavall 2006 agar and young 2005
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6135975
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15748643
to learn more about advantages of melanin, research the works of Dr. Richard King, Carol Barnes, T. Owens Moore
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)